The Effect of the Taeguk Gi-Gong Exercise on Insulin Resistance and Blood Glucose in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the effect of Tai Chi Qigong exercise program on insulin resistance and blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHOD: This was a quasi-experimental study used a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Participants included 39 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (ages between 40-70)(experimental group, 19, control group, 20). The Tai Chi Qigong exercise program consisted of 5 minute warming up, 30-minute main exercise, and 5 minute cooling down, and was conducted twice a week for 10 weeks. The outcome variables were insulin resistance (proinsulin, C-peptide, insulin, insulin sensitivity index) and blood glucose (fasting, post prandial 2hr, HbA1c). Data was analyzed using ANCOVA, with pre-test values as covariates, to examine difference between pre and post measures between the two groups. RESULTS: The Tai Chi Qigong was effective in lowering postprandial 2hr blood glucose. CONCLUSION: Twice a week 10 week-Tai Chi Qigong exercise seems to be too short to improve insulin excretion or resistance, and fasting blood sugar and HbA1C in patients with type 2 DM. A Tai Chi Qigong program at least 3 times per week or longer is recommended.

Attachment-Oriented Caretaking Behaviors and Related Factors in Mothers of Breast-feeding Infants / 아동간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and the related factors of attachment-oriented caretaking behavior in mothers who are breast-feeding their infants. METHOD: The subjects were 155 mothers who participated in a healthy breast-feeding contest in the Busan area. The data were collected from September 24, 2003, and were analyzed using SPSS WIN 10.0. RESULTS: The mothers were highly affirmative in their attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors (total mean 2.59+/-.502 of a possible score of 3). Among the attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors (10 items), the scores for 6 items were higher than the average score and 4 items were lower than the average score. There were significant differences in the attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors according to level of education (p<0.05), and planned duration of breast-feeding (p<0.001). Mothers with university education who planned to breast-feed as long as the baby wanted had higher scores. CONCLUSIONS: The above results suggest that nursing interventions which are individualized and practical are needed to encourage the attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors essential to breast-feeding mothers.

A Study on a Model for Internet Addiction of Adolescents / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the effects of the predictive factors ofInternet addiction and to develop a predictive model that explains Internet addiction among adolescents in Korea. METHOD: Data was collected from 664 adolescents in Puasan and Ulsan. Data analysis was done using the SPSS 10.0 Win Program for descriptive and correlational statistics and the LISREL 8.53 Win Program for Covariance structural analysis. RESULT: The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, it was modified by deleting four paths. Compared to the hypothetical model, the revised one had a better fit to the data(x2/df=6.50, GFI=.99, AGFI=.90, RMR=.02, NNFI=.88, NFI=.98, CN=279). Gender, friend support, and loneliness had significant direct effects on Internet addiction. The direct and indirect effect of self-esteem on Internet addiction was significant.The indirect effect of family support on Internet addiction was significant but its direct effect was insignificant. The direct and indirect effects of stress and impulsiveness on Internet addiction were significant but their total effects were insignificant. CONCLUSION: Finally, to decrease loneliness, and to increase family support and self-esteem, an effective intervention program and education should be developed to prevent Internet addiction of adolescents.

The Effect of Problem Solving Group Counseling on the Index of Obesity and Health Habits of Obese Children / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effects of problem solving group counseling on the index of obesity and health habits for obese children. METHOD: Forty seven obese children participated in the study(Exp.=22, Cont.=25). Children were recruited from the forth and fifth grade withhigher than 20% of the obesity degree. The problem solving counseling lasted for 10 weeks. In order to evaluate the effects of counseling, physical characteristics and health habits were measured three times; pretest, posttest, and at 10 weeks follow-up. The obtained data was analyzed by Chi-squared-test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA, using the SPSS WIN 10.0program. RESULT: Problem solving group counseling was effective on the physical characteristics(BMI, obesity degree, body fat ratio, waist measurement) and health habits over time. Children in the experimental group controlled their body weight better and reported lower scores in the index of obesity than children in the control group at 10 weeks follow-up. CONCLUSION: This counseling program helped obese children modify their health habits so that they could decrease their scores in the obesity index. It can be concluded that problem-solving counseling enhanced problem-solving abilities of obese children, which could help modify their ordinary health habits.

A Study of Parental Knowledge and Confidence in Newborn Care / 아동간호학회지

PURPOSE: To explore the level of and relationship between parental knowledge and confidence in newborn care. METHOD: The sample of this study was consisted of 113 newborn's parents. Data was collected by researcher from Oct. 28th to Dec. 18th, 2002. Data were analyzed SPSS WIN(10.0) Program. RESULTS: Total score of parents knowledge: Father's mean was 13.59(SD=5.32) and Mother's mean was 17.55(SD=3.72). There was meaningful difference in knowledge about newborn care between father and mother. The mother's knowledge was significant higher than the father's(t=6.45, p=.000). Total score of parents of newborn confidence: Father's mean was 40.66(SD=7.34) and Mother's mean was 41.88(SD=7.23). There was no difference in confidence in newborn care between father and mother(t=1.26, p=.209). There was significant correlation between knowledge and confidence about newborn care of fathers(r=.331, p<.001) and mothers(r=.317, p<.01). CONCLUSION: There is a need to educate fathers to enhance their knowledge about newborn care. More research is needed to study the relationship between parental knowledge and accuracy of behavior regarding newborn care.

A Study on Hip Arthroplasty Patient Compliance of Medical Regimen / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine how well patients who had hip arthroplasty comply with medical regimens given to them after the operation. METHOD: The subjects of the study were patients who had arthroplasty at P Hospital between April 1. 2001 and August 30, 2002. 20 patients of the subjects experienced complications after the operation and the other 20 did not. Data from a survey using the qustionnaire were statistically analyzed in terms of real number, percentage point, mean and standard deviation by using chi2test. t-test and ANOVA. RESULT: 1) the surveyed patients were significantly different in the compliance of medical regimen among them according to their education background as one of the subjects general characteristics. 2) It was found that the group of complication was higher in the compliance of medical regimen than that of non-complication. The two groups showed statistically significant difference with each other in the degree of compliance with therapeutic instructions than the experimental group in terms of the maintenance of abduction after the operation, training instructions on step-by-step basis, urination cotrol on bed, accurate use of crutch, compliance with medication, balance among medical treatment, training, leisure, rest and nutrition. instructions by physicians, nurses and physical therapists, use of low armchairs and toilet bowels and no bending of the body forward, and use of a non-operated leg in case of go upstairs or downstairs. CONCLUSION: It seems necessary to develop systematic and sessional education programs for improving the compliance of medical regimen. ultimately reducing complications following hip arthroplasty.

A Study on the Triage and Statitical Data of Patients in the Emergency Room, PNU / 간호학회지

The purpose of this study is to analyze ER patient's Triage and other statistical data. The subjects were 12,618 patients who visited the ER during the year 1998. The study showed the following results; 1. The male vs female ratio was 1.3 : 1.0, the male were in the majority (56.6%), and the age range of 20-29 old was the majority (15.3). The patients who visited ER at 8-10 pm were the majority (11.5%). On Sunday the number of patients who visited the ER were 2,189, and the majority were 17.4%. On Saturday the number of patients was visited the ER were 1,944 patients the second majority (15.4%). Their traffic means : the general passenger cars (75.5%), 119 or hospital ambulance (11.3%). 2. The reasons of visiting ER were : diseases (59.2%), injuries (23.7%). The disease vs injury ratio was 100 : 69. 3. Triage : urgent 40.7%, non-urgent 38.2%, acute 17.8%, and critical 3.2%. 4. The time of waiting and staying in the ER by the Triaget: the average time was 572 minutes (9.53 hrs.). The majority of critical patients (20.5%), acute patients (24.7%) and urgent patients (21.2%) stayed 12-24 hrs., but the majority of non-emergent (27.8%) stayed not longer than one hour. 5. Treatments by the Triage : the 42.9% of critical patients, and 61.3% of acute patients, 57.5% of urgent patients were admitted. But 91.8% of the non-emergents were discharged and 4.7% was admitted. Mortality of total ER visiter were 1.7%. DAA portion was 0.86%. 26.6% of the critical patients were DAA. DAA vs DOA ratio was 1.3 : 1.0. 6. Visiting time, monthly and seasonal distribution by the Triage : the majority of critical patients (12.2%), visited 10-12 am. The majority of acute (12.9%) and urgent (11.7%) visited 4-6 pm, but the majority of non-emergents (15.1%) visited during 8-10 pm. Autumn visiter were the majority (27.6%). The percentage of non-emergent visited in Spring was 41.4% and Autumn was 41.3%. The percentage of urgents who visited in the Summer was 45.3% and the Winter was 40.4%. By clinical departments: the 48.0% of critical patients was NS. The 45.5% of acute and the 33.6% of urgent patients were IM. But the majority of non-emergent patients was PS (21.2%), and the second majority of non-emergent patients was oral Surgery (12.8%).

A Study on Family Functioning and Burden of Parents with Cerebral Palsy Children / 아동간호학회지

Today, more chronically ill and handicapped children are being cared for at home by a family member caregiver. The task of caring for a family member may feel burden that the caregiver has less time and money and more work. Family functioning and their burden have influence on coping and adaptation of families with chronically-ill children. This study attempted to identify the levels of burden and family functioning in families of children with cerebral palsy and to examine their relationships. The instruments were burden scale developed by Suh and Oh(1993), and a modified Feetham Family Functioning Survey based on Roberts and Feetham.(1982). The subjects were 98 parents of children, under 15 years, who have cerebral palsy and being treated and living in Pusan. Data were collected through a self-administered questionaire from April 26 to May 29. The collected data were tested using frequencies, percentiles, means, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient with SPSSWIN program. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The mean rating scores of burden and family functioning were 2.79 +/- .51 and 4.12 +/- .69, respectively. 2. The relationships between general characteristics and burden were statistically significant difference : degree of children's handicap(F=6.333, P <.01). The relationships between general characteristics and family functioning were statistically significant differences : familial relation with the children(F=3.628, P <.05), caregiver's health status(F=4.359, P <.05), age of children (F=4.185, P <.05), and duration of treatment (F=6.802, P <.01). 3. In families of children with cerebral palsy, there was significantly negative correlation between the burden of parents and the performance of family functioning(r=-.230, P <.05). There were significantly negative correlations between the burden of parents and the satisfaction of family functioning (r=-.211, P <.05), and between the perceived importance and the satisfaction of family functioning(r=-.481, P <.01); however, there was a positive correlation between the performance and the perceived importance of family functioning(r=.425, P <.01). In conclusion, this study suggests that families of children with cerebral palsy need family-focused nursing interventions as supportive care for relieving their burden and for improving family functioning.

A Study on the Triage and Statitical Data by the 5 Developmental Stages of the Children in Emergency Room, PNU / 아동간호학회지

The subjects, under 18 old, 2,694 children who visited ER during 199H, were surveyed by the Triage and other statical data. The results were as follows : 1. The male to female ratio was 1.7 : 1, and the toddler(1-4 old) was the majority. 2. Triage : critical 1.3%, acute 14.6%, urgent 29.5%, nonemergent 54.6%. 3. The reasons of visiting ER : 1) The children had diseases(46.5%), injury (36.9%), TA(5.6%) and toxication(1.0%). 2) In diseases, male to female ratio was 1.5 : 1 and in injury, male to female was 2 : 1. 3) Among the children having in TA, 12-18 old groups was the majority(34.9%). 4. The time of visiting ; the 20 : 00-22 : 00 was the majority(16.9%). 5. By monthly and seasonal distribution ; Jan. (9.7%?), Mar. and May(9%) respectively, Dec. and July(6.7%) respectively. The children who visited ER in spring and autumn showed higher portion than those of summer and winter. 6. Results : admission(27.4%), discharge(68.4%), operations(2.8%), and DOA and DAA(0.4%). The mortality of the infancy and toddler groups was 83.3%. The infancy group showed the highest rate of admission. 7. The time of staying in ER : 1-2 hrs was the major group(23.3%) and the average was 4.6 hours. 8. By clinical departments ; Ped, was 34.4%, PS was 20.8.%, Dental Surgery was 10.3% and Dermatology was 0.9%. 9. The types of visiting : the group who visited by themselves was 80%, transfer from the primary and secondary clinic was 17% and OPD was 3.0%. 10. The traffic means ; by the own cars and taxi were 87.6%, by hospital ambulance was 6.1% and by 119 ambulance was 4.3%.

A Study on Influencing Factors in Health-promoting Lifestyle of Adolescents / 아동간호학회지

The purpose of this study were to define the degree of performance in health promoting lifestyle and to identify the variable related to performance inn health promoting lifestyle of adolescents. The subjects of this study were 469 adolescents in the 4 high schools. The sample data were collected using a purposive sampling method from July 1 to July 27. The collected data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation Coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS PC+ program. The results of this research were as follows. First, The means of performance in the health promoting lifestyle of adolescents revealed total 2.478 ; harmonious relationships 3.045, regular diet 2.236, professional health management 1.322, sanitary life 2.910, self regulation 2.558, emotional support 2.696, healthy diet 2.048, rest and sleep 2.651, exercise and activity 2.491, self actualization 2.466, diet control 2.408. The factor with the highest degree of performance was the harmonious relationships, whereas the one with the lowest degrees was the professional health management. Second, the relationship between the degree of performance in health promoting lifestyle and its related variable were as follows. (1) Performance in the health promoting lifestyle was significantly correlated with self esteem, self efficacy, health conception, perceived health status, mother's health promoting lifestyle, mother's health conception. (2) The most important factor that affects performance in the health promoting lifestyle of adolescents was self esteem. The combination of self esteem, health conception, mother's health promoting lifestyle, self efficacy, perceived health status accounted for 45.2% of the variance in health promoting lifestyle of adolescents.

Gender Differences in Behavioral Characteristics and Their Awareness of Obese Children / 아동간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in behavioral characteristics and their awareness of obese school children. The results were as follows : 1. In comparison with eating habits and food preference, the girls had more irregular breakfast and were likely to have vegetables/fruits than the boys. 2. In characteristics related to exercise and activities, boys did more exercise than girls. Particularly, in lunch free time, boys participated in playing various active excercise with friends, but girls participated in more non-active behaviors(such as, chattering, reading, or playing jack-stones). 3. In comparison with their awareness related to obese persons, about a half of boys had positive opinions(e, grong, healthy.), but about only 20% of girls had positive opinions.

A Survey on the Demand for Home Care of the mother's of the Hospitalized Children / 아동간호학회지

The subjects of the study were the 120 mothers who had children hospitalized in 6 hospitals in P city during the period from Feb. 1. to May 30. 1996. The purpose of the study are (1) the problem encountered when they carried out Home Care after discharge and (2) the degrees of demand that they had against Home Care Services. In order to investigate the purpose above-mentioned the researchers used the 55 items of Home Care services belonging to 10 areas selected by Korea Home-Care Association in 1994. The items were modified and supplemented to 4-point scale. The selected data were analyzed by SPSS:PC+ and the following results were derived. 1. The subjects payed great attention to 5 items such as "pain control, OPD visits, diet-control problems" among the 15 sources of anxiety that they had against Home Care services after discharge. Especially, "OPD visits and knowledge deficit" would to be overcome by the nursing activities of the Home Care Nurses. 2. The acknowledge level of the subjects to the Home Care Project that governmental plans to carry out was surveyed and found as under : 50.0% responded they heard about Home Care Nursing System. 60.8% said that they thought the system was "very necessary" and "somewhat necessary". 65.0% said they would like to use the system. However, the acknowledge level of 50.0% is still low and is thought to need further national promotion and propagation. 3. The demand of the subjects against 55 Home Care Services was investigated and found as . "Assessment, Lab, basic nursing technology, relay & transfer, training & education and curative nursing" showed comparatively high scores. However, the items belonging to pediatric Home Care Services such as "umbilical cord care, breast=feeding, infant care, and post-parum care & loan of breast-pump" showed relatively low scores.